Annual Parish Meeting held at 7:30PM on Thursday 26th May 2022 in Abbots Morton Village Hall
Minutes
Present: Martin Willingale (Parish Council Chair)
In attendance: David Hunter-Miller (Clerk)
Parishioners: 5
1. Chairman’s welcome
Martin Willingale opened the meeting and welcomed parishioners.
2. Apologies for absence
Apologies were noted from Richard Whitlow (Parish Councillor) and David Wilkinson (District Councillor).
3. To approve the minutes of the Annual Parish Meeting held on 27th May 2021
It was resolved to adopt the minutes as a true record and they were duly signed by the Chair.
4. Matters arising from those minutes (if any)
There were no matters arising.
5. To receive a report from the District Councillors
Covid
The municipal year 2021 – 2022 was dominated by the ongoing effects of the Covid pandemic. Despite staff shortages and working restrictions, Wychavon managed to maintain its key services such as waste collection. Towards the end of the year, the situation eased as the number of cases of Covid infection fell and restrictions were eased, allowing some meetings to revert to ‘face to face’ and activities such a site visits were able to be resumed.
Wychavon has opened a community recovery fund to support community groups to help mitigate the financial effects of Covid.
Environment
Tackling climate change is the most important issue facing humanity.
Wychavon’s Intelligently Green Plan sets out how we will contribute to the climate emergency by cutting the carbon emissions of our own council operations by 75% by 2030 and how we will lead the district to cut its own emissions by at least 50% by 2030.
Ukraine
Wychavon is managing the ‘Homes for Ukraine’ scheme within the district, including the inspection of properties, and arranging virtual meetings for hosts; currently it is anticipated we will welcome 284 guests at 119 sponsor addresses.
South Worcestershire Development Plan Review (SWDPR)
Wychavon has continued to work with the other South Worcestershire Councils to deliver SWDPR. The anticipated date for consultation to commence (July 2022) seems likely to slip, due to the need to finalise the infrastructure delivery plan, which sets out how the necessary infrastructure to support the housing requirement of 14,000 new dwellings across South Worcestershire by 2041 will be delivered.
Finance
Covid has had an enormous impact on local authorities’ income and expenditure streams; Wychavon has acted prudently and is in a strong position to weather the economic storms.
David Wilkinson
Wychavon District Councillor, Inkberrow Ward
6. To receive a report from the County Councillor
No report was available.
7. To receive a report from the Residents’ Association
No report was available.
8. To receive a report from the Parochial Church Council
“To show our love for God and You”
Incumbent: The Reverend Canon Richard Thorniley
Pioneer Deacon: The Revd Dr Chris Sheehan
Bank: Lloyds Bank
Independent Examiner: Christine Adkins
Church Architect: John Middleton
Churchwarden: Kevin Clarke
Musical Leaders: Lynne Pemberton (Organist)
Number on Electoral Roll: 9 (December 2021)
Average Weekly attendance: 8 Adults 0 Children
Parochial Church Council
The Parochial Church Council of St Peter’s, Abbots Morton is a charity exempted from registration with the Charity Commission.
It aims to cooperate with the incumbent in promoting in the parish the whole mission of the church, pastoral, evangelistic, social and ecumenical (PCC (Powers) Measure 1956)
Members
Incumbent: The Reverend Canon Richard Thorniley (Chair)
Churchwarden : Kevin Clarke
Deanery Synod rep: Vacant
Elected members: Terry Brewster, Peggy Clarke, Roma Jones, Lynda Payne, Colin Pemberton, Lynne Pemberton
Honorary Treasurer: Tim Jones
Electoral Roll Officer: Lynne Pemberton
Honorary Secretary: Colin Pemberton
PCC members are appointed in accordance with the Church Representation Rules. The Incumbent, Church Wardens and Deanery Synod Representatives are ex-officio members of the PCC. Other members are elected at the Annual Parochial Church Meeting (APCM) or co-opted during the year.
Statement of Trustees’ Responsibilities
The trustees are responsible for preparing the Trustees’ Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
The law applicable to charities in England and Wales requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charity and of the incoming resources and application of resources of the charity for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the trustees are required to:
(a) select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently.
(b) observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP 2015 (FRS 102).
(c) make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent.
(d) state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements.
(e) prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charity will continue in operation.
The trustees are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charity and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 and the provisions of the trust deed. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud or other irregularities.
The trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the charity and financial information included on the charity’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
Review and thanks for the Year
Covid 19 again overshadowed the operation of the church. We opened the church daily, a process which began for the mourning of HRH Prince Philip in April 2021 and in-person services continued with mitigation measures reduced a little.
With the touching of surfaces deemed less of a virus transmission problem we dispensed with putting paper on seat for services and put out the Visitors Book again. We continued to take names and contact details of those attending services for Track and Trace purposes but that was also dispensed with later when the Government relaxed all restrictions at the end of February 2022. However the Rector continued to be in charge of the elements for Holy Communion and many people continue to opt for wearing face coverings.
Recorded services came to end in May, by then no longer needed, and the Benefice could save the £50 per service cost. There was no Rogation Service but other ‘big’ services returned: Easter, Remembrance Day, Carol and Gift Service, and Christmas Eve.
In terms of events, an Indoor Picnic was planned to be held in the Village Hall on 27th June as a welcome get-together…but Covid was lingering and it had to be postponed.
Other events, however, could return.
Though it was a lower key, the Flower Festival went ahead in church with the theme of Freedom/Covid Unlocking
Harvest Supper: With an eye to Covid security, a limit of 50 was put on numbers attending. Lynne Pemberton and her team introduced a new system of serving food. Instead of people queuing closely at a central serving table, there was individual table service of a pork casserole and vegetables followed by a fruit crumble pudding. There was no bar and people brought their own drinks. It worked extremely well and was declared “a winning formula”. The evening was a welcome get-together and made £824 for the church funds.
Carols on the Green was spectacular this year. Villager Martyn Walton took the initiative to erect a magnificent Christmas Tree on the village green and it provided a superb backdrop for carol singing. There was a huge turnout and raised the spirits of all who were there. A bucket collection raised an incredible £147 for the Flower Fund which pays for bouquets to those who’ve been hospitalised.
It many ways it has been a year of renewal, renovation and innovation. We are grateful to Viv Oddy for her re-making of the list of Rectors which had suffered some damage from hanging on the north wall suffering from rising damp, a problem now rectified by the installation of the French drain system around the church.
The ancient lock in the front door of the church had to be taken off and refurbished. Turning the key had become increasingly difficult and eventually a key broke off inside the mechanism. Alcester Locks took it away to be repaired in their workshops to the intense interest of all their locksmiths who had never seen such fascinating old workings. Our thanks to Alcester Locks for their superb repair.
Talking of locks, the PCC gives thanks to all those in the community who volunteer for the locking rota. In all weathers, your daily dedication to keeping the church open is so much appreciated… as seen by entries in the Visitors’ Book which often express so much pleasure that the church is open.
A Smart Meter was installed August 2021 to monitor our electricity usage… ever more important with the steep rises in electricity prices expected in 2022.
The PCC continued to find ways to make the stone steps as safe as possible after a resident slipped in October. In December a specialist contractor was engaged to power clean the steps and apply anti-slip paint. It has proved very successful, so much so that public opinion was against replacing the steps, a project which the PCC has now dropped. We are grateful to Worcestershire County Council for a substantial contribution to the cost and to Fiona Argyle, the County Senior Rights of Way Officer for her help and advice. A tree surgeon has also been engaged to prune some overhanging limbs to reduce leaf fall on the steps. This work will be in conjunction with the Diocese and Wychavon District Council because of its location in a Conservation Village.
Vestry Repairs: The vestry is now secure and pinned safely to the body of the church after cracks had appeared due to subsidence beneath the vestry. Our thanks to Ian Bishop, the same stonemason who carried out repairs to the Bell Tower in 2015. We are particularly grateful to a benefactor, Mr Christopher Price, who, in memory of Iris Davenport Price, has covered the considerable costs of the vestry repair and some roof repairs. To mark his generosity, a small plaque will be placed on the wall inside the entrance porch to the church.
In September a ‘working party’ had a cull of some decaying assets. Seven chairs with woodworm or with damage to the rush seating were taken to the Hill and Moor tip along with 5 kneelers, an upright vacuum cleaner and an old mop and bucket.
On finances, the Parish Share system which decides how much each parish contributes to the Diocese for the running of the church has been reviewed and changed. From 2022 the “Ministry Share” came into operation. The main difference is that a lump sum is now paid by the ARCH Benefice each year and that sum is shared out among the four parishes according to population. In September at a meeting with Benefice representatives it was agreed that Abbots Morton pays 7.5% of the total. For 2022 the lump sum is £80,000 of which Abbots Morton will contribute around £6,000, still a considerable financial challenge to us, but a lot less than the £8,750 previously requested. The Diocese itself has cut its costs by moving out of the Old Palace building near the Cathedral and into cheaper premises at Lowesmoor in the city.
In terms of people, it has been a significant year.
Peggy Clarke retired from the PCC after many, many years’ service. Peggy has been a stalwart of the church, particularly for many years running the Flower Festival and the Harvest Supper and offering her wise words at PCC meetings. Peggy’s contribution is greatly missed.
Terry Brewster has also let it be known that he wishes to step down from the PCC. Terry has been Treasurer for more years than anyone can remember as well as doing so much unsung work to maintain the look of the church and churchyard. We wish him well. To lose two such long-serving members in one year is a blow.
Rev Chris Sheehan completed his three years as a curate and indicated he would be staying with us for at least another year, news received with great appreciation.
Janet Stean from Evesham has retired as a Reader. Janet has led many services at Abbots Morton and she will be much missed.
The good news is that Pippa Heenan from Inkberrow, who is a “Reader in training”, is now licenced to the ARCH Benefice and from January will be leading, read and do intercession prayers and addresses at Abbots Morton. Pippa is shortly moving to live in Goom’s Hill.
Roma Jones has been named as our Eco – Champion. Roma has long been instigating environmentally friendly measures that we can take, such as using sustainable, compostable tea/coffee cups and Roma will liaise with other Eco-Champions in the Diocese to exchange worthwhile ideas and best practice.
The ARCH Benefice was 20 years old during 2021. The grouping of the four churches in Abbots Morton, Rous Lench, Church Lench and Harvington, was created in its present form by Rev Richard Thorniley in June 2001. A Benefice-wide party was held to celebrate on 31st October.
It has been a busy and, in many ways, an encouraging year but one which has put an ever increasing burden on fewer and fewer members of the PCC. It is now effectively down to four working members and it is urgent that new members come forward.
We know the church and its setting is much loved by people in the community but its existence cannot be taken for granted.
A “Relevance Conference” is to be held in the village hall soon to find out how to encourage church attendance and commitment. The title will be St Peter’s Abbots Morton Closure? It may sound drastic… but it’s something that has to be faced.
Colin Pemberton
Honorary Secretary
Deanery Synod Report
The year began with the Commissioning of Sarah Dangerfield, who is new Area Dean for the Pershore and Evesham Deanery after the amalgamation of the two Deaneries.
During the first meeting Sarah thanked Richard Thorniley, the former Rural Dean of Evesham, for his work as Rural Dean and his help during the transition period.
The vision for the new Deanery has three main strands; Mutually Supportive Relationships, Effective Mission Planning and Serving and Transforming communities.
The payment of the Parish Share, now called the Ministry Share System, was discussed at the meetings in July and October as all parishes were finding it very difficult to pay due to the lack of funds raised during the year because of COVID.
Bishop Martin’s Pilgrimage of Prayer and Hope was discussed in the October meeting. He planned to visit the Deanery on the 11th and 17th November and the morning of the 21st December.
Thanks were given to parishes for their contributions towards the Ministry Share System during such a difficult year.
Anne Logan,
Deanery Synod Representative for Church Lench
Safeguarding
There have been no safeguarding concerns reported in the last twelve months. Safeguarding Awareness should be refreshed every three years.
The PCC has complied with the duty under section 5 of the Safeguarding and Clergy Discipline Measure 2016 (duty to have due regard to House of Bishops guidance on safeguarding children and vulnerable adults).
Safeguarding Awareness should be refreshed every three years. Currently, this can be achieved online by visiting the Diocesan website www.cofe-worcester.org.uk and click on Safeguarding section, then choose Online Training.
Jill Francis
Benefice Safeguarding Officer
Rector’s Notes
2021 was a year which had one funeral, but no baptisms or weddings of parishioners, as we still laid low while getting our Covid jabs and slowly testing ourselves into the next normal.
Our secretary Colin’s report reminds us that we enjoyed activities including a bit of church clearing and initiating repairs on the church.
My thanks to the PCC for keeping up our meetings via Zoom and for advising how we could proceed through these COVID challenging times.
PCC members ensure that the church is set up for services on Sundays and are supplemented by Gill Barker and Charlie Westbrooke who look after the 8.30 am services. They are joined by Jackie Allum who has recently joined our flock and also attends the early services.
Lynda Payne has ensured that the church unlocking rota is maintained and we are grateful to the village community who are happy to take their turn.
Lynne’s musical lead continued at the start of the year with our online services along with Colin who read scripture and led intercessions. But it was lovely to have her playing for us when health allowed as we returned to church from Easter onwards.
Her management and cooking talents came to the fore again when we had our successful harvest supper which was lovely to enjoy.
Looking to the future it’s wonderful to welcome Pippa Heenan as our new Trainee Reader who will be licensed in September 2022 – and hopefully move into the parish with her husband Guy before that.
The Future
So, what next? Keep it simple.
Four things I suggest – we continue to keep the building in good repair and accessible – as a resource for the community and that includes the churchyard. We are blessed by occasional support from unexpected benefactors which is a delight and blessing.
Secondly, we need to make our income stream sustainable for the long term and the mission and ministry of the church and community relevant and effective within the community.
Third and fourth items are linked. In the next 3 years I will be retiring, so we need to plan for that, and here is the link to item 4… there will be a reorganising of benefices as we cannot take it for granted that I will be directly replaced.
So, we must engage with the Deanery and Diocesan process to make it work for St Peter’s Abbots Morton. There is a meeting on the evening of the 24th of May at All Saints Evesham which begins this discussion
Finally, we will continue to respond to the gospel the good news of the risen Jesus Christ and through the encouragement and directions received through the Holy Spirit.
Prayers and input invited.
Blessings to all,
Richard Thorniley
9. To receive a report from the Village Hall Committee
It’s been a privilege to serve as the Chair of Abbots Morton village hall. My first year has been an extraordinary one. Played out in the shadow of Covid 19 with its impact on the usage of the hall, it has ultimately been an uplifting year, leaving our village hall in an even better position to serve this community.
I’m fortunate to be leading a small but brilliant team of Trustees who have worked tirelessly and enthusiastically, going above and beyond their formal roles and performing all sorts of tasks to ensure the smooth running of this building and to bring about improvements and developments which will last for many years to come.
They may not want the praise but it’s important to thank them individually.
Pat Willingale has completed her first year as Secretary where she has superbly kept the administrative machine in first class order and kept us focussed on what needed to be done.
Treasurer Sarah Dykes has been on top of the comings and goings of money in a year where costs have had to be met while the usual revenue has been far less than normal. At the same time she’s kept track of considerable sums of money that have enabled us to achieve things which we wouldn’t have expected to do this year. More of that later.
Martin Willingale is not just the Parish Council’s representative on the village hall committee. His dextrous DIY skills have been invaluable in fixing and repairing those things that inevitably break when you least want them to, and his input and research has helped shape the overall development of the hall.
Finally, I want to thank Colin, our Bookings Officer.
Despite Covid, in 2021 we had 15 bookings including 4 family parties, 1 wedding reception, 1 funeral wake, 1 Christian meeting of people from across the country, 1 cycle race, 1 Police and Crime Commissioner election, 1 Harvest Supper and 4 parish council meetings.
These came on top of the renewed bookings of the Vet company from Kent, weekly yoga classes on Mondays and Tuesdays, 2 weekend yoga workshops and a new weekly booking of the writer’s club, The Stratford Scribes.
Most these required Colin to meet the hirers at the hall, show them round, write their Hire Agreements with additional Covid Conditions, Covid Risk Assessments and generally ensure that bookings were handled smoothly and successfully.
There were also an astonishing 23 enquiries for bookings which ultimately didn’t take place, mostly because of Covid restrictions.
This year, 2022, we have already had a successful family party in January. There’s a wedding in September, a meeting of a regional group in June, and a family party in May… their third attempt interrupted each time by Covid. And for 2023 we have two wedding receptions booked in for June and September.
Finances
So despite Covid, we were very much open for business and we did have some revenue coming in… £3,549… but with annual running costs around £4,000 we would have been struggling to keep our heads above water without assistance from Government Covid grants.
Like all village halls across the country we were eligible for various grants from central government delivered via local government (Wychavon District Council). This year we received £21,198 on top of the £10,000 granted the previous year.
We have received excellent advice at various Zoom meeting from our umbrella organisation, Community First. Their guidance was that this money could be spent not just on covering revenue shortfalls but to invest in refurbishments and developments to improve still further the facilities we offer as a space at the heart of the community.
So what have we done…
While conscious of the need to carefully husband that money, we have invested in a number of significant upgrades and innovations.
• Repainting the outside of the hall. It had lasted well since it was last done six years ago but was showing signs of distress.
• Repainting of the interior of the entire building which has never been done since it was built in 1998. This includes remedial work around the bottom of the skirting boards in the main hall to retain heat and keep out creepy crawlies. Women Build of Astwood Bank have done an excellent and good value job in both cases.
• Installation of a storage shed at the rear of the building enabling us to clear the second room for use a proper smaller room. It is also been carpeted to match the lobby carpet. Some items from the second room such as important documents, minutes etc, are safely stored in plastic boxes in the loft.
• Four new flower tubs and new hose reel & fixings at the rear to enable watering.
• Tree surgery. Various dead trees have been removed and others lopped on the northern border of the hall to bring more light and air to the wall to reduce fungal growth and reduce leaf fall to help keep guttering clear and reduce the risk of roof damage.
• Bird boxes. Ten RSPB bird boxes of various sorts and sizes have been given to our hall after we applied for them from the charity “Welcome to our Future”. The boxes are paid for by the Severn Waste landfill fund and have been erected in various locations around the village hall and in the churchyard. This all sits well with our policy of being environmentally and ecologically friendly and we are very grateful for the gift.
• Security combination locks. With the clearing of the second room, cleaning materials are now stored in the old meter cupboard in the lobby and they are secured with a combination lock. We have also installed two combination locked “safes” containing a key to the second room and a key to the outside storage shed.
• Tables and trolley: We bought one new full-size rectangular table and two half-size tables from Go-Pak and a tailor-made trolley to hold all of our trolleys in.
• New urn and kettle in the kitchen.
• Held a very successful coffee morning in aid of Ukraine. It made £1,350 which was sent to the Disasters Emergency Committee. A very large amount of medical supplies and toiletries were also donated.
We still have around £18,000 in our accounts which we will use carefully, not knowing how long the “Covid-tail” may be over the coming year or years.
I must also give a huge thank you to Martyn Walton from the village. Martyn has become very involved in the neighbourhood and we have engaged him as our groundsman, keeping hedges and verges in good order. He has also taken on responsibility for planting and maintaining the four new flower tubs at the front of the hall. They have been much appreciated by many of our users.
Martyn has also refurbished and repainted our outside notice board which attracts the eye of passers-by…! Thank you Martyn for all you do.
Efficient Heating
One development which has exercised us for the past couple of years is the search for a more efficient way of heating the hall. We decided this year not to proceed with an air-source heating system on the basis that the costs of such system are likely to fall in the next few years and will be more tried and tested by then, should we wish to revisit the project.
In the meantime, we now control our heating and hot water switches remotely via a mobile phone app, enabling us to conveniently switch on the heating an hour or so before any event to create a welcoming temperature. We monitor how much pre-heating time we need to weigh comfort versus cost.
We are having to look closely at our hiring fees in the light of spiralling electricity costs.
Our work continues with plans for this year.
• We aim to erect a car parking sign to discourage random parking without permission. We expect a good number of events this year and our limited parking space cannot be occupied by non-hirers.
• After understandable Covid caution among residents, we are encouraging people to start using the hall once again. We held a Coffee Morning on May 3rd for people just to drop in and meet each other again. We will hold Coffee Mornings on the first Tuesday of every month between 10am and 12 noon. They are on June 7th, July 5th and August 2nd. If they are well received, we’ll continue the pattern throughout the year.
It has been a stimulated and challenging year in which we have accomplished a great deal for the future benefit of our community.
Once again, I give thanks to our small but fabulous team of Trustees and extend a warm welcome to anyone who would like to join our committee
Lynne Pemberton
Chair, Village Hall Committee
10. To receive a report from the Neighbourhood Watch
The Neighbourhood Watch continues to be active via social media with regular updates and details of local activity. A letter with details on how to join the Neighbourhood Watch would be sent to new residents.
Karen Brighton
Neighbourhood Watch representative
11. To receive the Annual Report of the Parish Council by the Chairman
It was a first for Abbots Morton in 2021 as we had a Christmas tree on the village green and it certainly brightened up the village during December. The Lighting Ceremony and the Carol Singing proved very popular with both being well attended. Many thanks to Martyn Walton for his idea and all his hard work in making it happen. Thanks also to all the others who helped in so many ways. It really was a wonderful time, and I hope it can be repeated this year.
This year will also see the Queen’s Platinum Jubilee in June and plans are well advanced for the Street Party on Sunday 5th June. Many thanks to Sarah Dykes for all her work in organising the event. We are looking forward to a fun time and hope the weather will be clement on the day. We will also be planting a tree for the Queen’s Green Canopy initiative later in the year.
We did have one councillor, Alan Shepherd, resign during the year as he was moving out of the area. My thanks to him for his service. The vacancy was filled with great timing by Martyn Walton who joined us in November 2021. He is proving to be a great asset to the Council and the community. I appreciate the help and support of the rest of the Councillors, Karen Brighton, Nick Humphries, and Richard Whitlow, and also our Clerk, David Hunter-Miller, who keeps us up to date and handles all the administration so efficiently.
There continues to be two vacancies on the Parish Council. A representative from Morton Spirt, The Low or Gooms Hill would be a great addition, but anyone interested would be most welcome. It is not an onerous task, we usually have just six meetings a year.
The resignation of Noel Fowler, our Footpaths Officer, was a great loss and we wish him well in his new home. We have been keeping up to date with the help of two of our councillors – initially Karen Brighton and subsequently joined by Martyn Walton, as well as some of our parishioners who advise us of any problems. Our thanks to everyone involved.
Karen Brighton has also been our contact with the Neighbourhood Watch and we have certainly seen a welcome resurgence in communications from the Neighbourhood Alert team.
Graham Hobbs continues to apply his green fingers to the planters around the parish and keeps them in an abundance of colour, my thanks for all his work.
Whilst Covid is still with us, we are starting to get back to a new normal without quite so many restrictions, all our Council meetings this last year have been in person and the masking mandates have all but gone as we learn to live with the virus. It has taken a toll on activities at the Village Hall but, hopefully, we will see bookings pick up in the coming year. I know the committee are working hard to make it happen. Sarah Dykes initiated a very successful fundraiser for Ukraine at the hall, ultimately raising over £1,300 for the cause.
The finances of the Parish continue to be in good shape, and this has been another year that we have not had to make any increase in the precept included in your local council taxes.
Martin Willingale
Chairman
12. To receive a report on the Parish Council’s finances
The Parish Council’s 2021/22 accounts and audit paperwork would be published online shortly. A summary of the figures is as follows:
Opening balance 01/04/20: £ 12,288.84
Receipts for period 01/04/20 to 31/03/21: £ 6,049.02
Payments for period 01/04/20 to 31/03/21: £ 6,766.59
Closing balance 31/03/21: £ 11,571.27
VAT recoverable 01/04/20 to 31/03/21: £114.81
David Hunter-Miller
Parish Clerk
13. To invite the public to raise any matters of interest
No matters were raised.
The meeting closed at 7:54PM.